There are many types of plasticizers. In its research and development stage, there were more than 1,000 types of plasticizers. There are only more than 200 plasticizers in commercial production, and the most are phthalates from petrochemical industries.
There are many ways to classify plasticizers. According to the molecular weight, it can be divided into monomeric plasticizer and polymeric plasticizer; according to the physical shape, it can be divided into liquid plasticizer and solid plasticizer; according to performance, it can be divided into general plasticizer and cold-resistant plasticizer , Heat-resistant plasticizers, flame-retardant plasticizers, etc.; classification according to the chemical structure of plasticizers is a commonly used classification method.
According to the chemical structure, it can be divided into:
(1) Phthalates (such as: DBP, DOP, DIDP)
(2) Aliphatic dibasic acid esters (such as: dioctyl adipate DOA, dioctyl sebacate DOS)
(3) Phosphate (eg: tricresyl phosphate TCP, toluene diphenyl phosphate CDP)
(4) Epoxy compounds (such as: epoxidized soybean oil, epoxy butyl oleate)
(5) Polymeric plasticizer (such as propylene glycol adipic acid polyester)
(6) Benzoic acid esters (such as: 1,2,4-triisooctyl trimellitate)
(7) Chlorine-containing plasticizers (such as: chlorinated paraffin, methyl pentachlorostearate)
(8) Alkyl sulfonate
(9) Polyol ester
(10) Other plasticizers
An ideal plasticizer should have the following properties:
(1) Good compatibility with resin;
(2) High plasticization efficiency;
(3) Stable to heat and light;
(4) Low volatility;
(5) Low migration;
(6) Resistance to extraction of water, oil and organic solvents;
(7) Good low temperature flexibility;
(8) Good flame retardancy;
(9) Good electrical insulation;
(10) Colorless, tasteless and non-toxic;
(11) Good mold resistance;
(12) Good pollution resistance;
(13) The viscosity stability of the plastisol is good;
(14) Low price.
Among the plasticizers, phthalate ester plasticizers are used the most, accounting for about 80% of the total output of plasticizers. In my country, this type of plasticizer is mainly composed of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and phthalic acid. Mainly dibutyl ester (DBP). Due to the limitation of the source of raw material alcohol, the output of varieties with excellent performance such as diheptyl phthalate (DHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) is not Big.