1. Fatty acid esters
The low temperature performance of fatty acid esters is very good, but the compatibility with polyvinyl chloride is poor, so they can only be used as cold-resistant secondary plasticizers and phthalates. The most commonly used varieties are dioctyl adipate and dioctyl sebacate.
(1) Dioctyl adipate (DOA for short) is a colorless and odorless liquid, non-toxic, soluble in most organic solvents, slightly soluble in ethylene glycol, insoluble in water. The critical plasticizing temperature of DOA to PVC is 12l-125℃.
(2) Diisodecyl adipate (DIDA for short) is a clear and easy-flowing oily liquid.
(3) Dioctyl Azelaate (D0Z for short) is almost a colorless transparent liquid.
(4) Sebacic acid dibutyric acid (abbreviated as DBS) is almost a colorless liquid.
(5) Dioctyl Sebacate (DOS for short) is almost a colorless oily liquid, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, benzene and ether.
(6) Diisooctyl sebacate (DIOS for short) Colorless clear liquid, soluble in most organic solvents such as ketones, alcohols, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons, slightly soluble in amines and polyols.
(7) Ethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate) (abbreviated as 3GH) is the most widely used plasticizer in polyvinyl butyral films for safety glass. Acrylic plastics and PVC are also good plasticizers.
2. Phthalates
Phthalic acid is the most widely used main plasticizer at present, with many varieties, high output, light color, low toxicity, good electrical properties, small volatile parts, less odor, and general low temperature resistance. At present, the consumption of phthalates accounts for about 80-85% of the total consumption of plasticizers, and the most commonly used ones are dioctyl phthalate and diisooctyl phthalate.
(1) Dioctyl phthalate (DOP for short) Colorless oily liquid with special odor.
(2) Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP for short) is almost a colorless viscous liquid, soluble in most organic solvents and hydrocarbons.
(3) Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP for short) Viscous liquid, soluble in most organic solvents and hydrocarbons, insoluble or slightly soluble in glycerol, ethylene glycol and some amines. It is less volatile than DOP. Migration resistance, is a low-volatile plasticizer, aging resistance, good electrical properties, but poor compatibility.
(4) Diisononyl phthalate (DINP for short) Transparent oily liquid, its volatility at high temperature is only half of that of DOP.
(5) Dibutyl phthalate (DBP for short) Colorless transparent liquid with aromatic odor, soluble in most organic solvents and hydrocarbons. The critical plasticizing temperature of DBP to PVC is 90-95℃.
(6) Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP for short) is a colorless and transparent liquid. When DIBP is used in PVC agricultural film, it has been found that the precipitation of DIBP will cause the problem of rice rot.
(7) Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP for short) Transparent oily liquid, soluble in organic solvents and hydrocarbons, insoluble in water. The critical plasticizing temperature of BBP to PVC is 96-100℃.
(8) Dimethyl phthalate (DMP for short) Colorless oily liquid with slightly aromatic odor, insoluble in water at room temperature, miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons, and good compatibility with most resins.
(9) Diethyl phthalate (DEP for short) Colorless oily liquid, non-toxic, slightly aromatic odor, soluble in most organic solvents.
(10) Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) White crystalline powder with aromatic odor. Soluble in most organic solvents, completely soluble in hot gasoline and mineral oil, slightly soluble in glycols and some amines.
(11) Dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) The physical properties of DOTP and DOP are similar, and the mechanical properties of the product are also similar, but the volatile part of DOTP is much smaller than that of DOP.
3. Phosphate esters
Phosphate esters have good compatibility with resins such as polyvinyl chloride, and have good transparency, but they are toxic. They are both plasticizers and flame retardants. Aromatic phosphate esters have poor low temperature performance, while aliphatic phosphate esters have better low temperature performance, but poor thermal stability and less durability than aromatic phosphate esters. Its main varieties are tricresyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate.
(1) Tricresyl Phosphate (referred to as TCP)
(2) Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP for short) White needle-like crystal with slightly aromatic odor, slightly soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform and acetone.
(3) Dibenzyl-Octyl Phosphate (DPOP for short) Light yellow transparent oily liquid.
(4) Toluene Diphenyl Phosphate (Cylinder called CDPP) Clear and odorless oily liquid.
4. Epoxy esters
Epoxy plasticizer is a widely used auxiliary agent in recent years. It can not only absorb hydrogen chloride released by polyvinyl chloride resin during decomposition, but also be compatible with polyvinyl chloride resin, so it is both a plasticizer and a stabilizer. . Mainly used as a secondary plasticizer for PVC products with high weather resistance. Its main varieties are epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized fatty acid octyl ester, etc.
(1) Epoxidized soybean oil Soybean oil is a fatty acid mixture of monoglycerol. Epoxidized large double oil is a yellow oily liquid, non-toxic, soluble in most organic solvents and hydrocarbons. Epoxidized soybean oil and polyester plasticizers can be used together to prevent the latter from migrating outward.
(2) Epoxidized fatty acid butyl ester has different fatty acid components, epoxy fatty acid butyl ester includes epoxy butyl stearate, epoxy furoate butyl ester, epoxy butyl oleate, epoxy butyl oleate ester. Epoxidized Butyl Rapeseed, Epoxidized Butyl Talloleate, Epoxidized Butyl Xanthole, Epoxidized Butyl Lard and other varieties.
(3) Epoxy octyl fatty acid (ED3 for short) There are varieties of different structures due to different fatty acids, such as octyl epoxy stearate, octyl epoxy soybean oleate, octyl epoxy tall oleate, etc.
(4) Dioctyl Epoxy Tetrahydrophthalate (EPS) Colorless to pale yellow oily liquid.
5. Chlorine-containing plasticizers
The most widely used chlorine-containing plasticizers are chlorinated paraffins. Chlorinated paraffin is low in price, excellent in electrical properties and flame retardant, but has poor compatibility and poor thermal stability, and is only used as a secondary plasticizer.
(1) Chlorinated Paraffin This is a golden or amber viscous liquid, non-flammable and extremely volatile. Soluble in most organic solvents, insoluble in water and ethanol. When heated to above 120°C, it will decompose on its own and release hydrogen chloride gas. Oxides of metals such as iron and zinc promote their decomposition. The flame retardancy of chlorinated paraffins with higher chlorine content is also better.
(2) Chlorocarbon-50. This is a clear, viscous liquid. Odorless, non-toxic, non-flammable, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, soluble in benzene and ether.
6. Alkyl sulfonates
This type of plasticizer has good compatibility and can be used as the main plasticizer. If used together with phthalate-based main plasticizer, the effect is better. It has good mechanical properties, electrical properties and weather resistance, but poor cold resistance.
(1) Phenyl petroleum sulfonate (M-50 for short) Light yellow transparent oily liquid.
(2) Chlorinated Petroleum Ester A mixture of phenyl chlorinated alkyl sulfonate and chlorinated paraffin, light yellow transparent oily liquid.
7. Polyol Esters
Polyol esters mainly include dipentaerythritol esters and ethylene glycol esters. Dipentaerythritol ester has low volatility, good extraction resistance, difficult thermal decomposition and oxidation, and good electrical insulation properties. It is an excellent heat-resistant plasticizer and is suitable for high-temperature wire insulation formulations, but it is expensive. While glycol esters have good cold resistance, they are darker in color and more volatile.
(1) Di-pentaerythritol ester (PCB for short) Di-pentaerythritol ester can be divided into ether type and ester type. These two types of dipentaerythritol are light yellow viscous oily liquids. Soluble in organic solvents, insoluble in water.
(2) Ethylene glycol 59 (abbreviated as 0259) Light yellow transparent liquid.
8.Polyesters and trimellitates
Polyester plasticizers generally have low plasticizing efficiency, high viscosity, poor processability and low-temperature properties, but low volatility, low migration, oil resistance and soapy water resistance, so they are good durable plasticizers. agent.
It is usually necessary to use together with a phthalate-based primary plasticizer. Polyesters are mostly used in long-term products such as automobiles, wires and cables, and refrigerators. The main varieties of soil are low-molecular-weight polyesters formed by the polycondensation of aliphatic dibasic acids such as adipic acid and sebacic acid and glycols such as diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and butanediol. Trimellitic acid ester is a kind of plasticizer with excellent performance, which has the advantages of both monomeric plasticizers and polymeric plasticizers. Low volatility, low migration, resistance to extraction and durability are similar to polyester plasticizers; compatibility, additive and low-temperature properties are similar to phthalates.
(1) Polypropylene sebacate plasticizers with different molecular weights can be dissolved in acetone, dichloroethane, ether, benzene, toluene, xylene, chloroform, partially soluble ethanol, butanol and Aliphatic hydrocarbons.
(2) Trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM for short) Colorless to pale yellow viscous oily liquid.
(3) Trimellitic acid tris(n-octyl-n-decyl) (abbreviated as NODTM) Colorless to pale yellow oily liquid.