1. Fatty Acids:
- Stearic Acid: Functions as both an internal lubricant at lower temperatures and an external lubricant at elevated temperatures.
2. Fatty Acid Amide Lubricants:
a) Stearic Acid Amide: Renowned for its exceptional external lubrication properties, along with favorable attributes such as transparency, dispersibility, gloss, and electrical insulation. Non-toxic and widely utilized in processing PVC, PS, UF resin, as well as serving as a smoothing and anti-adhesion agent for polyolefins. Typically employed at dosages ranging from 0.1% to 2.0%.
b) N, N, Ethylene Bisstearate Amide (EBS): A versatile lubricant extensively employed as a smoothing agent, anti-adhesion agent, external lubricant, and antistatic agent across various resins including PE, PP, PS, and ABS. Non-toxic and exhibiting broad applicability, with dosage ranges typically falling between 0.2% to 2.0%.
c) Oleic Acid Amide: Serves as a proficient smoothing and anti-sticking agent for PE, PP, PA, and other plastics, enhancing processing and forming capabilities while mitigating static effects and dust adhesion on product surfaces.
d) Butyl Stearate: Employed as an internal lubricant for resin processing, albeit exhibiting incompatibility with PVC. Nonetheless, it finds utility as a lubricant for PVC transparent sheet extrusion, injection molding, calendering, and as a defilm agent, with dosages typically ranging from 0.5% to 1.0%.
e) Glycerol Trihydroxy Stearate: Functions effectively as a lubricant for PVC, ABS, MBS, and as a defilm agent for synthetic rubber applications, typically administered within dosage ranges of 0.25% to 1.5%.
3. Hydrocarbon Lubricants:
a) Microcrystalline Paraffin: Distinguished by its commendable thermal stability and lubricity, surpassing conventional paraffin wax. Typically employed in conjunction with butyl stearate or high-melting fatty acids as an external lubricant, with recommended dosages ranging from 0.1% to 0.2%.
b) Solid Paraffin: Enhances product surface gloss albeit with noted shortcomings in compatibility, dispersibility, and thermal stability. Primarily employed across a spectrum of plastics including PVC, PE, PP, PS, ABS, PBT, PET, and cellulose.
c) Polyethylene Wax: Offers notable mid-term and late-stage lubricity, serving as an effective anti-adhesive agent. Finds application as a pigment dispersant in color masterbatch processing, and as a lubricant and release agent in PVC, PE, PP, ABS, PET, and PBT plastic forming, typically administered at dosages ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%.
d) Oxy Polyethylene Wax: Exhibits dual attributes of internal and external lubricity, thereby enhancing product transparency and gloss. Predominantly applied in PVC, PE, PP, ABS, PBT, PET, and other resin systems, with recommended dosage levels ranging from 0.1% to 1.0%.
e) Ft Wax: Primarily designated for use as external lubricants and dispersant agents, particularly in PVC and masterbatch formulations.
4. Fatty Acid Esters:
- Lubricants G60, G70, GMS, DGM: Specially formulated for applications involving transparent PVC film.